(Javalquinto–Markmann–Lagos Carmona lineage)

Presidents of Chile and Argentina linked to Bernardo Javalquinto Lagos

(Javalquinto–Markmann–Lagos Carmona lineage)

Bernardo Javalquinto Lagos and the tradition of a great family

Genealogical study and historical reflection are not mere exercises in memory, but also a commitment to identity, cultural continuity and the projection of values that transcend generations. In this context, the figure of Dr. Bernardo Javalquinto Lagos emerges not only as heir to a remarkable lineage, but also as a contemporary representative of a family whose roots are sunk in the history of Europe and Chile: the Javalquinto Markmann and Lagos Carmona family.

This lineage constitutes a bridge between European nobility, academic tradition and Latin American public service. On the one hand, there are the Javalquinto and the Markmann, with documented links to Spanish and German noble houses; on the other, the Lagos Carmona, a Chilean branch deeply connected to republican life and to figures who have played relevant roles in the construction of the modern State.

The strength of this genealogy is not reduced to titles or kinships, but lies in the continuity of a vocation of leadership and service. Over the centuries, different members of this family have been linked to viceroys, presidents, diplomats, academics and businessmen, showing the diversity of paths that the same family trunk can inspire. This plurality of trajectories constitutes a living testimony of the intertwining of the historical and the human.

In a context where globalization and social mobility transform traditional structures, the value of this study lies in rescuing the ethical, cultural and genealogical legacy. It is a family that, without renouncing the memory of its ancestors, has been able to insert itself into the challenges of the present, from diplomacy and politics to academia and economics.

The contribution of Bernardo Javalquinto Lagos, as an economist and independent thinker, reflects precisely that ability to take the inheritance received and project it into the future. His international academic career, combined with his independence from traditional political structures, represents a modern update of a lineage that has always known how to combine responsibility, prestige and social commitment.

The Javalquinto Markmann and Lagos Carmona family, then, can be understood as a large family, in the fullest sense of the term: great not only because of the extension of its genealogical branches or because of the number of outstanding personalities that are recognized in it, but also because of the cultural and political impact that it has radiated in different periods of history.

This introductory essay seeks to frame genealogical research within an academic, neutral and diplomatic spirit, emphasizing that the true value of lineages is not measured only by the greatness of their titles or by their proximity to power, but by their capacity for service, their intellectual contribution and their vocation for transcendence.

I. Initial Founders and Heads of State

Head of State	Period	Link Type	Detail
Mateo de Toro-Zambrano y Ureta, Count of the Conquest.	1810–1811	Single consanguineous	5th cousin, 5× removed (Cuevas Mendoza).
José Miguel Carrera Verdugo	1811–1814	Double: consanguineous + collateral	7th cousin, 3× removed (Cuevas Mendoza) and via Aldunate–Carrera.
Bernardo O’Higgins Riquelme	1817–1823	Single consanguineous	4th cousin, 6× removed (Riquelme de la Barrera).

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II. Presidents of Chile (XIX–XX centuries)

President	Period	Link Type	Detail
Manuel Blanco Encalada	1826	Single consanguineous	6th cousin (Molina Vasconcelos).
Francisco Antonio Pinto	1827–1829	Single consanguineous	8th cousin (Bravo de Naveda).
José Tomás Ovalle	1830–1831	Single consanguineous	8th cousin (Artaño–Madariaga).
José Joaquín Prieto	1831–1841	Single consanguineous	6th first (Sotomayor).
Manuel Bulnes	1841–1851	Double: consanguineous + collateral	7th cousin (Sotomayor) and connection with Riquelme.
Manuel Montt	1851–1861	Single consanguineous	8th cousin (Cuevas Mendoza).
José Joaquín Pérez	1861–1871	Single consanguineous	8th first (Cabrera–Frías).
Federico Errázuriz Zañartu	1871–1876	Double: consanguineous + collateral	7th cousin (Del Pozo Silva) and collateral marriages.
Aníbal Pinto	1876–1881	Single consanguineous	9th cousin (Bravo de Naveda).
Domingo Santa María	1881–1886	Single consanguineous	12th cousin (Escobar Balcázar).
José Manuel Balmaceda	1886–1891	Single consanguineous	15th cousin (Mexía-Sandoval).
Manuel Baquedano (Provisional)	1891	Double: consanguineous + collateral	6th cousin (Del Pozo Silva) and collateral alliances.
Jorge Montt Álvarez	1891–1896	Single consanguineous	7th first (Jara Villaseñor).
Federico Errázuriz Echaurren	1896–1901	Single consanguineous	8th first (Del Pozo Silva).
Pedro Montt Montt	1906–1910	Single consanguineous	7th cousin (Godoy Cisternas).
Ramón Barros Luco	1910–1915	Single consanguineous	7th cousin (Godoy-Alvarado).
Juan Luis Sanfuentes	1915–1920	Single consanguineous	8th first (Del Pozo Silva).
Arturo Alessandri Palma	1920–1925; 1932–1938	Double: consanguineous + collateral	5th cousin (Palma-Pozo Silva) and collateral marriages.
Emiliano Figueroa Larraín	1925–1927	Single consanguineous	7th first (Rivera–Figueroa).
Carlos Ibáñez del Campo	1927–1931; 1952–1958	Double: consanguineous + collateral	8th cousin (Alvarado Cervantes) and collateral alliances.
Juan Esteban Montero	1931–1932	Single consanguineous	8th cousin (Gajardo–Fernández de Soto).
Pedro Aguirre Cerda	1938–1941	Double: consanguineous + collateral	10th cousin (Niza Escobar Balcázar) and collateral alliances.
Gabriel González Videla	1946–1952	Double: consanguineous + collateral	10th cousin (Rivera-Figueroa) and married to Rosa Markmann Reijer (second cousin).
Jorge Alessandri Rodríguez	1958–1964	Double: consanguineous + collateral	6th cousin (Palma-Pozo Silva) and collateral marriages.
Eduardo Frei Montalva	1964–1970	Single consanguineous	8th cousin (Cisternas Carrillo).
Salvador Allende Gossens	1970–1973	Single consanguineous	8th cousin (Ramírez de Salas y Allende).
Patricio Aylwin Azócar	1990–1994	Single consanguineous	10th cousin (Gajardo–Fernández de Soto).
Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle	1994–2000	Single consanguineous	9th cousin (Cisternas Carrillo).
Ricardo Lagos Escobar	2000–2006	Direct blood	Great-uncle (brother of the maternal grandfather).

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III. Presidents of Argentina

President	Period	Link Type	Detail
José Figueroa Alcorta	1906–1910	Single consanguineous	8th cousin (Godoy–Alvarado line).

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IV. Summary

• Single consanguineous (direct blood): 18 presidents.
• Double connection (blood + collateral/affinity): 8 presidents (Carrera, Bulnes, Errázuriz Zañartu, Baquedano, Alessandri Palma, Ibáñez del Campo, Aguirre Cerda, González Videla, Jorge Alessandri).
• Close direct blood relative: Ricardo Lagos Escobar (great-uncle).
• Total: more than 25 presidents of Chile and 1 of Argentina linked.

References

1. Barros Arana, Diego (1884–1902). General History of Chile. Santiago: Imprenta Cervantes.– A fundamental work that documents the political and social processes in which several ancestors of the family participated.
2. Encina, Francisco A. (1940–1952). History of Chile from Prehistory to 1891. Santiago: Nascimento.– A classic text that describes the networks of Chilean aristocratic families of the nineteenth century, among them the Lagos and Carmona.
3. Salazar y Castro Institute, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC). Cast of Spanish Grandeurs and Noble Titles. Madrid.– Official reference on lineages, noble houses and connections of the Javalquinto branch with Spanish titles.
4. Genealogical Society of Chile (Genealog.cl). Family trees of Chilean families.– Documentary base that collects the descent of Lagos Carmona, Sepúlveda, Rojas and other consanguineous branches.
5. Royal Association of Hidalgos of Spain. Hidalguía Magazine. Madrid.– Publications that validate noble sources and studies on the house of Haro, Enríquez, Velasco and other branches linked to the Javalquinto-Markmann family.
6. Bello, Andrés (1855). Civil Code of Chile. Santiago: Imprenta Nacional.– A legal document that contextualizes the practices of inheritance, nobility and property in republican Chile.
7. Eyzaguirre, Jaime (1967). History of the Political and Social Institutions of Chile. Santiago: Editorial Universitaria.– A work that explains the evolution of the Chilean State and the participation of the founding families.
8. University of Chile, Faculty of Philosophy and Humanities. Historical and genealogical archives.– Academic documentation on the Chilean elite and its international connections.
9. Molina, Cristián (2018). Nobility in Colonial Chile: Lineages, Power and Society. Santiago: RIL Editores.– A contemporary study of Chilean aristocratic families and their modern descendants.
10. Javalquinto Lagos, Bernardo F. (2025). The Lineage of the Illustrious Knight Don Bernardo Javalquinto Lagos. Santiago: Author’s Edition.– Original genealogical research that compiles and systematizes the family trajectory, its noble and political ties.